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Four 13‐lipoxygenases contribute to rapid jasmonate synthesis in wounded Arabidopsis thaliana leaves: a role for lipoxygenase 6 in responses to long‐distance wound signals
Author(s) -
Chauvin Adeline,
Caldelari Daniela,
Wolfender JeanLuc,
Farmer Edward E.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
new phytologist
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.742
H-Index - 244
eISSN - 1469-8137
pISSN - 0028-646X
DOI - 10.1111/nph.12029
Subject(s) - jasmonate , arabidopsis thaliana , oxylipin , lipoxygenase , methyl jasmonate , mutant , arabidopsis , biology , meristem , xylem , biochemistry , microbiology and biotechnology , plant defense against herbivory , botany , gene , enzyme
Summary Damage‐inducible defenses in plants are controlled in part by jasmonates, fatty acid‐derived regulators that start to accumulate within 30 s of wounding a leaf. Using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, we sought to identify the 13‐lipoxygenases (13‐ LOX s) that initiate wound‐induced jasmonate synthesis within a 190‐s timeframe in Arabidopsis thaliana in 19 single, double, triple and quadruple mutant combinations derived from the four 13‐ LOX genes in this plant. All four 13‐ LOX s were found to contribute to jasmonate synthesis in wounded leaves: among them LOX 6 showed a unique behavior. The relative contribution of LOX 6 to jasmonate synthesis increased with distance from a leaf tip wound, and LOX 6 was the only 13‐ LOX necessary for the initiation of early jasmonate synthesis in leaves distal to the wounded leaf. Herbivory assays that compared Spodoptera littoralis feeding on the lox2‐1 lox3B lox4A lox6A quadruple mutant and the lox2‐1 lox3B lox4A triple mutant revealed a role for LOX 6 in defense of the shoot apical meristem. Consistent with this, we found that LOX 6 promoter activity was strong in the apical region of rosettes. The LOX6 promoter was active in and near developing xylem cells and in expression domains we term subtrichomal mounds.