Open AccessPoststimulation Block of Pudendal Nerve Conduction by High‐Frequency (kHz) Biphasic Stimulation in Cats
Author(s) -
Wang Zhaoxia,
Pace Natalie,
Cai Haotian,
Shen Bing,
Wang Jicheng,
Roppolo James R.,
Groat William C.,
Tai Changfeng
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
neuromodulation: technology at the neural interface
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.296
H-Index - 60
eISSN - 1525-1403
pISSN - 1094-7159
DOI - 10.1111/ner.13060
Subject(s) - pudendal nerve , cats , block (permutation group theory) , stimulation , cuff , intensity (physics) , medicine , urethra , anatomy , anesthesia , biomedical engineering , materials science , surgery , mathematics , physics , geometry , quantum mechanics
Objective To determine the relationship between various parameters of high‐frequency biphasic stimulation (HFBS) and the recovery period of post‐HFBS block of the pudendal nerve in cats. Materials and Methods A tripolar cuff electrode was implanted on the pudendal nerve to deliver HFBS in ten cats. Two hook electrodes were placed central or distal to the cuff electrode to stimulate the pudendal nerve and induce contractions of external urethral sphincter (EUS). A catheter was inserted toward the distal urethra to slowly perfuse the urethra and record the back‐up pressure generated by EUS contractions. After determining the block threshold ( T ), HFBS (6 or 10 kHz) of different durations (1, 5, 10, 20, 30 min) and intensities (1 T or 2 T ) was used to produce the post‐HFBS block. Results HFBS at 10 kHz and 1 T intensity must be applied for at least 30 min to induce post‐HFBS block. However, 10 kHz HFBS at a higher intensity (2 T ) elicited post‐HFBS block after stimulation of only 10 min; and 10 kHz HFBS at 2 T for 30 min induced a longer‐lasting (1–3 h) post‐HFBS block that fully recovered with time. HFBS of 5‐min duration at 6 kHz produced a longer period (20.4 ± 2.1 min, p < 0.05, N = 5 cats) of post‐HFBS block than HFBS at 10 kHz (9.5 ± 2.1 min). Conclusion HFBS of longer duration, higher intensity, and lower frequency can produce longer‐lasting reversible post‐HFBS block. This study is important for developing new methods to block nerve conduction by HFBS.