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Pyelonephritis: What are the present day causative organisms and antibiotic susceptibilities?
Author(s) -
Prabhu Ajay,
Taylor Peter,
Konecny Pam,
Brown Mark A
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
nephrology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.752
H-Index - 61
eISSN - 1440-1797
pISSN - 1320-5358
DOI - 10.1111/nep.12062
Subject(s) - medicine , antibiotics , empiric therapy , antibiotic resistance , ampicillin , urinary system , cephalosporin , enterococcus faecalis , empiric treatment , intensive care medicine , emergency department , urine , pediatrics , microbiology and biotechnology , bacteria , staphylococcus aureus , genetics , psychiatry , biology
Aim Infections of the lower urinary tract and Acute Pyelonephritis are commonly encountered in clinical practice. Widespread usage of antibiotics and changing susceptibility profiles of uropathogens requires regular review of treatment guidelines to meet these challenges. We aimed to better understand the prevalence of uropathogens and emerging antibiotic resistance in patients with pyelonephritis requiring hospital admission. Methods In this single centre, 12‐year retrospective observational study, we reviewed case notes and urine culture results of 249 patients admitted with Acute Pyelonephritis under the care of the N ephrology D epartment, along with 46 660 urine samples with positive isolates from the Emergency Department ( ED ) during the same period. The prevalence of uropathogens, their antibiotic susceptibilities and emerging resistance patterns to commonly used antibiotics were studied. Antibiotic susceptibilities were also reviewed in line with the currently recommended national guidelines for empiric therapy. Results We found the most prevalent uropathogen to be E scherichia coli . Approximately 50% of E . coli infections were resistant to ampicillin. First and third generation cephalosporin resistance was <5%, however, the latter has increased over the last decade and is more prevalent in the elderly. Enterococcus faecalis was associated with less than 10% of cases of lower urinary tract infections and no case of pyelonephritis. Conclusion Antibiotic resistance of uropathogens to commonly used antibiotics is increasing with time and there is a need for hospitals to review their recommended guidelines for empiric therapy in line with local patterns of uropathogens and antibiotic susceptibilities.