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Potential value of soluble APP α and APP β in CSF as biomarkers of dementia disorders: Unresolved issues and perspectives
Author(s) -
Araki Wataru,
Araki Yumiko M,
Mizusawa Hidehiro
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
neurology and clinical neuroscience
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.125
0ISSN - 2049-4173
DOI - 10.1111/ncn3.12195
Subject(s) - biomarker , dementia , neuropathology , medicine , cerebrospinal fluid , disease , amyloid β , diagnostic biomarker , alzheimer's disease , bioinformatics , neuroscience , oncology , diagnostic accuracy , pathology , psychology , biochemistry , biology
The significance of fluid biomarkers in the clinical evaluation of dementia disorders has been established. Among such biomarkers, tau (phosphorylated tau and total tau) and amyloid β‐protein 42 (Aβ42) in the cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF ) stand out as relatively reliable biomarkers of Alzheimer‐type dementia and are now included in recently announced diagnostic guidelines. However, these biomarkers still have some limitations, including variability issues; thus, additional biomarkers would benefit earlier diagnosis of dementia disorders. The CSF soluble amyloid precursor proteins, sAPP α and sAPP β—direct metabolites of APP produced by α‐secretase– and β‐secretase–mediated cleavage—are potential biomarker candidates. However, there have been conflicting reports on their usefulness as diagnostic biomarkers. In this mini review, we consider recent biomarker studies on sAPP s with a special reference to their relevance to the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease. We also discuss unresolved issues, such as those relating to methodology, and provide perspectives for future research.