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Aims  Use of enriched environment ( EE ) housing has been shown to promote recovery from cerebral ischaemic injury but the underlying mechanisms of their beneficial effects remains unclear. Here we examined whether the beneficial effects of  EE  housing on ischaemia‐induced neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment are associated with increased insulin‐like growth factor‐1 ( IGF ‐1) signalling in the hippocampus.    Methods  Forty‐two adult male  W istar rats were included in the study and received either ischaemia or sham surgery. Rats in each group were further randomized to either:  EE  or standard laboratory cage housing (control). Rats were placed in their assigned housing condition immediately after recovery from anaesthesia. Behavioural testing in the cued learning and discrimination learning tasks were conducted 2 weeks after ischaemia. Rats were euthanized after behavioural testing and the hippocampus was analysed for  IGF ‐1 level,  IGF ‐1 receptor ( IGF ‐1 R ) activation, protein kinase  B  ( Akt ) pathway activation, neurone loss and caspase 3 expression.    Results  Our data showed that  EE  housing: (1) mitigated ischaemia‐induced neuronal loss; (2) attenuated ischaemia‐induced increase in caspase 3 immunoreactivity in the hippocampus; (3) ameliorated ischaemia‐induced cognitive impairments; and (4) increased  IGF ‐1 R  activation and signalling through the  Akt  pathway after ischaemic injury.    Conclusion  Ultimately, these findings suggest the possibility that  IGF ‐1 signalling may be one of the underlying mechanisms involved in the beneficial effects of  EE  in optimizing recovery following cerebral ischaemic injury.

neuropathology and applied neurobiology

Neuroprotective effects of enriched environment housing after transient global cerebral ischaemia are associated with the upregulation of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 signalling