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Characteristics and risk factors for mortality of invasive non‐ Aspergillus mould infections in patients with haematologic diseases: A single‐centre 7‐year cohort study
Author(s) -
Lee HyeonJeong,
Cho SungYeon,
Lee DongGun,
Park Chulmin,
Chun HyeSun,
Park YeonJoon
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
mycoses
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.13
H-Index - 69
eISSN - 1439-0507
pISSN - 0933-7407
DOI - 10.1111/myc.13038
Subject(s) - medicine , neutropenia , epidemiology , mucorales , mucormycosis , aspergillosis , aspergillus , cohort , surgery , immunology , biology , microbiology and biotechnology , toxicity
Summary Since mould‐active azole prophylaxis has become a standard approach for patients with high‐risk haematologic diseases, the epidemiology of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) has shifted towards non‐ Aspergillus moulds. It was aimed to identify the epidemiology and characteristics of non‐ Aspergillus invasive mould infections (NAIMIs). Proven/probable NAIMIs developed in patients with haematologic diseases were reviewed from January 2011 to August 2018 at Catholic Hematology hospital, Seoul, Korea. There were 689 patients with proven/probable invasive mould infections; of them, 46 (47 isolates) were diagnosed with NAIMIs. Fungi of the Mucorales order (n = 27, 57.4%) were the most common causative fungi, followed by Fusarium (n = 9, 19.1%). Thirty‐four patients (73.9%) had neutropenia upon diagnosis of NAIMIs, and 13 (28.3%) were allogeneic stem cell transplantation recipients. The most common site of NAIMIs was the lung (n = 27, 58.7%), followed by disseminated infections (n = 8, 17.4%). There were 23.9% (n = 11) breakthrough IFIs, and 73.9% (n = 34) had co‐existing bacterial or viral infections. The overall mortality at 6 and 12 weeks was 30.4% and 39.1%, respectively. Breakthrough IFIs (adjusted hazards ratio [aHR] = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.3‐4.41, P = .031) and surgical treatment (aHR = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.02‐0.45, P = .003) were independently associated with 6‐week overall mortality. NAIMIs were not rare and occur as a complex form of infection often accompanied by breakthrough/mixed/concurrent IFIs and bacterial or viral infections. More active diagnostic efforts for NAIMIs are needed.