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A pilot, layerwise, ex vivo evaluation of the antifungal efficacy of amorolfine 5% nail lacquer vs other topical antifungal nail formulations in healthy toenails
Author(s) -
Ghannoum Mahmoud,
Long Lisa,
Kunze Gernot,
Sarkany Marlis,
OsmanPonchet Hanan
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
mycoses
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.13
H-Index - 69
eISSN - 1439-0507
pISSN - 0933-7407
DOI - 10.1111/myc.12896
Subject(s) - lacquer , nail (fastener) , ex vivo , nail plate , antifungal , pharmacology , chemistry , trichophyton rubrum , penetration (warfare) , medicine , dermatology , materials science , in vitro , biochemistry , organic chemistry , operations research , engineering , metallurgy , psoriasis , coating
Summary Background Studies investigating the penetration of amorolfine through the nail have shown the highest concentration in the uppermost layer and measurable antifungal activity even in the lower layers of the nail. Objectives This pilot, ex vivo study compared the penetration of antifungal concentrations of amorolfine 5% nail lacquer in different layers of healthy, human cadaver toenails with that of terbinafine 10% nail solution, ciclopirox 8% nail lacquer and naftifine 1% nail solution. Moreover, the effect of nail filing prior to application on the penetration of amorolfine 5% was assessed. Methods Unfiled (n = 3) and filed (n = 3) nails were used for each antimycotic agent and amorolfine 5% nail lacquer, respectively. Twenty‐four hours after topical application, the nails were sliced (10 μm), solubilised and added to agar plates seeded with Trichophyton rubrum . Zones of growth inhibition were measured. Results Only amorolfine penetrated the nails at sufficient concentrations to inhibit growth of T rubrum at different nail depths. In contrast, the comparators did not show antifungal efficacy. Nail filing resulted in larger zones of inhibition for amorolfine compared with those of intact nails. Conclusions Unlike its comparators, a single application of amorolfine 5% nail lacquer resulted in antifungal efficacy within the nail plate. Nail filing increased the antifungal efficacy of amorolfine 5% nail lacquer.