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Diagnostic value of serum galactomannan, (1,3)‐β‐ d ‐glucan, and Aspergillus fumigatus ‐specific IgA and IgG assays for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in non‐neutropenic patients
Author(s) -
Dobias R.,
Jaworska P.,
Tomaskova H.,
Kanova M.,
Lyskova P.,
Vrba Z.,
Holub C.,
Svobodová L.,
Hamal P.,
Raska M.
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
mycoses
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.13
H-Index - 69
eISSN - 1439-0507
pISSN - 0933-7407
DOI - 10.1111/myc.12765
Subject(s) - galactomannan , aspergillus fumigatus , gastroenterology , medicine , aspergillosis , serology , predictive value , predictive value of tests , aspergillus , immunology , positive predicative value , antibody , microbiology and biotechnology , biology
Summary Detection of serum galactomannan ( GM ) and (1,3)‐β‐ d ‐glucan ( BG ) is considered useful for non‐culture diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis ( IPA ) in neutropenic patients. Only few studies evaluated these seromarkers in non‐neutropenic patients suspected of having IPA . The aim of this study was to evaluate both tests together with the Aspergillus fumigatus ‐specific serum IgG and IgA (Ig AG ) test for serological IPA diagnosis in non‐neutropenic patients. Sera from 87 patients suspected of having IPA were retrospectively analysed. Patients were categorised into groups of proven IPA (n = 10), putative IPA (n = 31) and non‐ IPA colonisation (n = 46). When the GM , BG and Ig AG assays were used for patients included in the study, the sensitivity/specificity/positive predictive value ( PPV )/negative predictive value ( NPV ) were 48.8%/91.3%/83.3%/66.7%, 82.9%/73.9%/73.9%/82.9% and 75.6%/95.7%/93.9%/81.5%, respectively. Thus, the highest specificity and PPV were confirmed for the Ig AG assay. Improvements in the sensitivity and NPV were achieved by “at least one positive” analysis with the GM and BG assays, with the sensitivity/specificity/ PPV / NPV values being 85.0%/69.6%/71.4%/84.2%. Nevertheless, the highest sensitivity and NPV were achieved by the “at least one positive” analysis combining the GM , BG and Ig AG tests (97.6% and 96.8%, respectively). The involvement of the Ig AG assay could improve IPA diagnosis in non‐neutropenic patients by increasing the sensitivity and NPV when combined with the GM or BG assays. Furthermore, improvement was achieved by combining the GM , BG and Ig AG assays using the “at least one positive test” strategy, especially if doubt exists.