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Immunotherapeutic strategies against mucormycosis in haematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Author(s) -
Schmidt Stanislaw,
Tramsen Lars,
Schneider Andreas,
Balan Ada,
Lehrnbecher Thomas
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
mycoses
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.13
H-Index - 69
eISSN - 1439-0507
pISSN - 0933-7407
DOI - 10.1111/myc.12241
Subject(s) - mucormycosis , immunosuppression , stem cell , hematopoietic stem cell transplantation , transplantation , haematopoiesis , immunology , medicine , immune system , antifungal , biology , surgery , dermatology , genetics
Summary Mucormycoses remain a serious complication in patients undergoing allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation ( HSCT ). In these patients, mortality rates of mucormycosis reach up to 90%, which is due, at least in part, to the severe and prolonged immunosuppression after transplantation. Although prolonged neutropaenia is one of the most important risk factors for mucormycosis, other cell populations, such as CD 4 + T cells may also provide critical defence mechanisms against this infection. The management of mucormycosis includes antifungal therapy, surgery and, most importantly, the control of the underlying predisposing conditions, such as the correction of an impaired immune system. Here, we review the current data of granulocytes, antifungal T cells and natural killer cells regarding their activity against mucormycetes and regarding a potential immunotherapeutic approach. It is hoped that further animal studies and clinical trials assessing immunotherapeutic strategies will ultimately improve the poor prognosis of allogeneic HSCT recipients suffering from mucormycosis.