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Effects of four commercial fungal formulations on mortality and sporulation in house flies ( M usca domestica ) and stable flies ( S tomoxys calcitrans )
Author(s) -
WEEKS E. N. I.,
MACHTINGER E. T.,
GEZAN S. A.,
KAUFMAN P. E.,
GEDEN C. J.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
medical and veterinary entomology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.028
H-Index - 82
eISSN - 1365-2915
pISSN - 0269-283X
DOI - 10.1111/mve.12201
Subject(s) - biology , spore , stomoxys , toxicology , veterinary medicine , botany , zoology , muscidae , medicine
The house fly M usca domestica L . ( D iptera: M uscidae) and stable fly S tomoxys calcitrans ( L .) ( D iptera: M uscidae) are major pests of livestock. Biological control is an important tool in an integrated control framework. Increased mortality in filth flies has been documented with entomopathogenic fungi, several strains of which are commercially available. Three strains of B eauveria bassiana ( B alsamo‐ C rivelli) Vuillemin ( H ypocreales: C ordycipitaceae) and one strain of M etarhizium brunneum ( P etch) ( H ypocreales: C lavicipitaceae) were tested in commercial formulations for pathogenicity against house flies and stable flies. There was a significant increase in mortality of house flies with three of the formulations, BotaniGard ® ES , M ycotrol ® O , and M et52 ® EC , during days 4–9 in comparison with balEnce™ and the control. In stable flies, mortality rates were highest with M et52 ® EC , followed by M ycotrol ® O , BotaniGard ® ES and, finally, balEnce™ . There was a significant fungal effect on sporulation in both house flies and stable flies. Product formulation, species differences and fungal strains may be responsible for some of the differences observed. Future testing in field situations is necessary. These commercial biopesticides may represent important tools in integrated fly management programmes.