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Synergism of thymol, carvacrol and eugenol in larvae of the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus , and brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus
Author(s) -
ARAÚJO L. X.,
NOVATO T. P. L.,
ZERINGOTA V.,
MATURANO R.,
MELO D.,
DA SILVA B. C.,
DAEMON E.,
DE CARVALHO M. G.,
MONTEIRO C. M. O.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
medical and veterinary entomology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.028
H-Index - 82
eISSN - 1365-2915
pISSN - 0269-283X
DOI - 10.1111/mve.12181
Subject(s) - thymol , carvacrol , rhipicephalus sanguineus , biology , ixodidae , eugenol , acari , rhipicephalus microplus , acaricide , tick , rhipicephalus , larva , veterinary medicine , chemotype , botany , essential oil , toxicology , ecology , chemistry , medicine , organic chemistry
The effects of combinations of the monoterpenes thymol and carvacrol and the phenylpropanoid eugenol in larvae of Rhipicephalus microplus (Canestrini, 1888) (Acari: Ixodidae) and Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.) (Acari: Ixodidae) were assessed by the larval packet test. The CompuSyn program was used to make qualitative assessments of the effects (synergistic, additive and antagonistic) of the associations. The effects of all combinations tested against R. microplus larvae were synergistic, with combination indices (CIs) <0.70. When tested against R. sanguineus , eight of the mixtures showed a synergistic effect (CI < 0.70); only the carvacrol + thymol mixture at LC 50 presented a moderate synergistic effect, with CIs between 0.70–0.90. This study is the first to determine the effects of the interactions of these substances in the control of these two tick species. The combinations of carvacrol + thymol, carvacrol + eugenol and thymol + eugenol have synergistic effects in R. microplus and R. sanguineus s.l. larvae.