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Trap placement and attractant choice affect capture and create sex and parity biases in collections of the biting midge, C ulicoides sonorensis
Author(s) -
MCDERMOTT E. G.,
MAYO C. E.,
GERRY A. C.,
MULLENS B. A.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
medical and veterinary entomology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.028
H-Index - 82
eISSN - 1365-2915
pISSN - 0269-283X
DOI - 10.1111/mve.12177
Subject(s) - ceratopogonidae , midge , biology , culicoides , trap (plumbing) , trapping , zoology , ecology , larva , veterinary medicine , environmental science , environmental engineering , medicine
Culicoides sonorensis Wirth & Jones (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) is the primary N orth A merican vector of bluetongue virus ( BTV ), which can cause high morbidity and mortality in ruminant livestock or wildlife. Worldwide, most C ulicoides surveillance relies on light (usually UV ) traps typically placed near animals or larval development sites. However, the trapping method can cause sex, species and parity biases in collections. We collected C. sonorensis from three dairies in C alifornia using suction traps baited with CO 2 , UV light or CO 2 + UV placed near animals, wastewater ponds, or in fields. Higher numbers of parous females were collected using CO 2 + UV traps, although this difference was only significant on one dairy. UV traps were poor at collecting nulliparous females, but the addition of UV to a trap increased the abundance of males in a collection. Traps set in open fields collected significantly higher numbers of males and females than in either of the other two locations. In some cases, there was a significant interaction between the trap type and site. We discuss the limitations of traditional trapping methodologies for C. sonorensis and make suggestions for vector surveillance.