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Sustained efficacy of the novel topical repellent TT ‐4302 against mosquitoes and ticks
Author(s) -
BISSINGER B. W.,
KENNEDY M. K.,
CARROLL S. P.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
medical and veterinary entomology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.028
H-Index - 82
eISSN - 1365-2915
pISSN - 0269-283X
DOI - 10.1111/mve.12151
Subject(s) - deet , biology , tick , veterinary medicine , zoology , toxicology , virology , medicine
Mosquitoes and ticks are blood‐feeding pests of humans and animals that can vector many important aetiological agents of disease. Previous research demonstrated that TT ‐4302 (Guardian ® Wilderness) containing 5% geraniol applied to human subjects gave 5–6 h of repellency against mosquitoes (depending on species) and was repellent to ticks in vitro . This study was conducted to obtain an independent third‐party evaluation of TT ‐4302 against Stegomyia aegypti (= Aedes aegypti ) (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes and to test the efficacy of the product in the field against ticks. TT ‐4302 provided an average of 6.5 h of repellency of ≥ 95% [Weibull mean protection time: 7.4 h, 95% confidence interval ( CI ) 5.8–11.3 h] for St. aegypti , whereas a 15% DEET formulation provided 4.7 h of repellency (Weibull mean protection time: 5.2 h, 95% CI 3.7–6.9 h). In tick field trials, the efficacy of TT ‐4302 did not differ significantly from that of a 25% DEET formulation against Amblyomma americanum (Ixodida: Ixodidae). TT ‐4302 was 81.3% repellent at 2.5 h after application, whereas DEET was 77.2% repellent at the same time‐point. Results at 3.5 h after application were 71.4% for TT ‐4302 and 72.9% for DEET.