Open AccessInduction of systemic disease resistance in Nicotiana benthamiana by the cyclodipeptides cyclo ( l ‐Pro‐ l ‐Pro) and cyclo ( d ‐Pro‐ d ‐Pro)
Author(s) -
Wu Liming,
Wu Huijun,
Chen Lina,
Zhang Hongyue,
Gao Xuewen
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
molecular plant pathology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.945
H-Index - 103
eISSN - 1364-3703
pISSN - 1464-6722
DOI - 10.1111/mpp.12381
Subject(s) - nicotiana benthamiana , salicylic acid , biology , plant disease resistance , tobacco mosaic virus , guard cell , systemic acquired resistance , hypersensitive response , nitric oxide , pathogenesis related protein , phytophthora , virus , microbiology and biotechnology , gene , biochemistry , botany , virology , arabidopsis , gene expression , mutant , endocrinology
Summary Cyclodipeptides, formed from two amino acids by cyclodehydration, are produced naturally by many organisms, and are known to possess a large number of biological activities. In this study, we found that cyclo ( l ‐Pro‐ l ‐Pro) and cyclo ( d ‐Pro‐ d ‐Pro) (where Pro is proline) could induce defence responses and systemic resistance in Nicotiana benthamiana . Treatment with the two cyclodipeptides led to a reduction in disease severity by Phytophthora nicotianae and Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infections compared with controls. Both cyclopeptides triggered stomatal closure, induced reactive oxygen species production and stimulated cytosolic calcium ion and nitric oxide production in guard cells. In addition, the application of cyclodipeptides significantly up‐regulated the expression of the plant defence gene PR‐1a and the PR‐1a protein, and increased cellular salicylic acid (SA) levels. These results suggest that the SA‐dependent defence pathway is involved in cyclodipeptide‐mediated pathogen resistance in N. benthamiana . We report the systemic resistance induced by cyclodipeptides, which sheds light on the potential of cyclodipeptides for the control of plant diseases.