Open AccessThe haustorial transcriptomes of U romyces appendiculatus and P hakopsora pachyrhizi and their candidate effector families
Author(s) -
Link Tobias I.,
Lang Patrick,
Scheffler Brian E.,
Duke Mary V.,
Graham Michelle A.,
Cooper Bret,
Tucker Mark L.,
Mortel Martijn,
Voegele Ralf T.,
Mendgen Kurt,
Baum Thomas J.,
Whitham Steven A.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
molecular plant pathology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.945
H-Index - 103
eISSN - 1364-3703
pISSN - 1464-6722
DOI - 10.1111/mpp.12099
Subject(s) - haustorium , biology , effector , transcriptome , rust (programming language) , phakopsora pachyrhizi , gene , symbiosis , host (biology) , genetics , computational biology , gene expression , botany , microbiology and biotechnology , bacteria , computer science , fungicide , programming language
Summary Haustoria of biotrophic rust fungi are responsible for the uptake of nutrients from their hosts and for the production of secreted proteins, known as effectors, which modulate the host immune system. The identification of the transcriptome of haustoria and an understanding of the functions of expressed genes therefore hold essential keys for the elucidation of fungus–plant interactions and the development of novel fungal control strategies. Here, we purified haustoria from infected leaves and used 454 sequencing to examine the haustorial transcriptomes of P hakopsora pachyrhizi and U romyces appendiculatus , the causal agents of soybean rust and common bean rust, respectively. These pathogens cause extensive yield losses in their respective legume crop hosts. A series of analyses were used to annotate expressed sequences, including transposable elements and viruses, to predict secreted proteins from the assembled sequences and to identify families of candidate effectors. This work provides a foundation for the comparative analysis of haustorial gene expression with further insights into physiology and effector evolution.