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The ubiquitous human commensal  Escherichia coli  has been well investigated through its model representative  E. coli  K‐12. In this work, we initially characterized  E. coli  Fec10, a recently isolated human commensal strain of phylogroup A/sequence type ST10. Compared to  E. coli  K‐12, the 4.88 Mbp Fec10 genome is characterized by distinct single‐nucleotide polymorphisms and acquisition of genomic islands. In addition,  E. coli  Fec10 possesses a 155.86 kbp IncY plasmid, a composite element based on phage P1. pFec10 harbours multiple cargo genes such as coding for a tetrathionate reductase and its corresponding regulatory two‐component system. Among the cargo genes is also the Transmissible Locus of Protein Quality Control (TLPQC), which mediates tolerance to lethal temperatures in bacteria. The disaggregase ClpG GI  of TLPQC constitutes a major determinant of the thermotolerance of  E. coli  Fec10. We confirmed stand‐alone disaggregation activity, but observed distinct biochemical characteristics of ClpG GI‐Fec10  compared to the nearly identical  Pseudomonas aeruginosa  ClpG GI‐SG17M.  Furthermore, we noted a unique contribution of ClpG GI‐Fec10  to the exquisite thermotolerance of  E. coli  Fec10, suggesting functional differences between both disaggregases in vivo. Detection of thermotolerance in 10% of human commensal  E. coli  isolates hints to the successful establishment of food‐borne heat‐resistant strains in the human gut.

molecular microbiology

A recently isolated human commensal  Escherichia coli  ST10 clone member mediates enhanced thermotolerance and tetrathionate respiration on a P1 phage‐derived IncY plasmid