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Regulation of toxic shock syndrome toxin‐1 by the accessory gene regulator in Staphylococcus aureus is mediated by the repressor of toxins
Author(s) -
Tuffs Stephen W.,
Herfst Christine A.,
Baroja Miren L.,
Podskalniy Vladyslav A.,
DeJong Erica N.,
Coleman Charlotte E. M.,
McCormick John K.
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
molecular microbiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.857
H-Index - 247
eISSN - 1365-2958
pISSN - 0950-382X
DOI - 10.1111/mmi.14353
Subject(s) - biology , staphylococcus aureus , repressor , toxin , regulator , toxic shock syndrome , microbial toxins , microbiology and biotechnology , gene , regulation of gene expression , genetics , gene expression , bacteria
Summary Toxic shock syndrome toxin‐1 (TSST‐1) is a superantigen (SAg) produced by Staphylococcus aureus thought to be responsible for essentially all cases of menstrual‐associated toxic shock syndrome (TSS). As a potent exotoxin, it is not surprising that S. aureus has evolved multiple systems to control expression of TSST‐1. Although the accessory gene regulator (Agr) system is recognized to enhance TSST‐1 expression, how Agr regulates TSST‐1 is unclear. Using an agr ‐null mutant, complementation experiments demonstrated that Agr controls TSST‐1 expression through the activity of the RNAIII effector molecule. RNAIII can repress translation of the repressor of toxins (Rot) regulator, and deletion of rot increased expression of TSST‐1 during the exponential phase of growth. Deletion of agr did not affect rot transcription, but did result in overexpression of the Rot protein, and Rot was also shown to bind and positively regulate the rot promoter. Overexpression of Rot dramatically repressed TSST‐1, and Rot bound directly to the TSST‐1 promoter. Deletion of both agr and rot in S. aureus returned TSST‐1 expression to wild‐type levels. This work demonstrates that Agr, although widely considered to be an inducer of TSST‐1, has evolved in combination with Rot, to restrict the expression of this potent SAg.