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Cold‐induced vasodilation in abstinent smokers with and without a 12‐hour nicotine patch
Author(s) -
Lee Kichang,
Cheatham Christopher C.,
Mack Gary W.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
microcirculation
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.793
H-Index - 83
eISSN - 1549-8719
pISSN - 1073-9688
DOI - 10.1111/micc.12701
Subject(s) - medicine , nicotine , vasoconstriction , anesthesia , abstinence , vasodilation , blood flow , psychiatry
This study was designed to identify the effects of a 12‐h nicotine patch administration on cold induced vasodilation (CIVD) in healthy young chronic smokers following 16 h of abstinence from smoking. Two laser Doppler probes and temperature thermocouples were placed on the dorsal part of the distal phalanx of the middle and ring fingers of 7 smokers (>12 cigarettes/day). Following 16 h of abstinence from smoking, smokers were tested with and without administration of a 21 mg transdermal nicotine patch (NicoDerm ® ). Each participant's right hand was immersed in cold (~5°C) water for 40 min. Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) was calculated from non‐invasive arterial finger blood pressure and skin blood flow and expressed as a percentage of peak CVC observed during hand skin heating to 44°C. For comparison purposes, the CIVD response of a non‐smoking cohort without nicotine patch ( n = 10) was also examined. Baseline CVC was similar in smokers and non‐smokers (27.8 ± 12.6 CVC % peak). The initial vasoconstriction during cold‐water immersion decreased skin blood flow to 4.0 ± 3.9 CVC % peak in both smokers and non‐smokers. The onset of CIVD in smokers (4.5 ± 1.5 min) was delayed compared to non‐smoker (3.3 ± 0.8 min, p < .05). The area under the CVC %peak‐time curve during cold‐water immersion averaged 1250 ± 388 CVC %peak · min in non‐smokers which was larger ( p < .05) than smokers with or without nicotine (789 ± 542 and 862 ± 517 CVC %peak · min, respectively). Chronic smoking impaired the CIVD response to cold‐water immersion of the hand; however, the impaired CIVD response in 16 h of abstinence from smoking was not influenced by application of a 21 mg transdermal nicotine patch.