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Vasodilation Mechanism of Cerebral Microvessels Induced by Neural Activation under High Baseline Cerebral Blood Flow Level Results from Hypercapnia in Awake Mice
Author(s) -
Nishino Asuka,
Takuwa Hiroyuki,
Urushihata Takuya,
Ito Hiroshi,
Ikoma Yoko,
Matsuura Tetsuya
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
microcirculation
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.793
H-Index - 83
eISSN - 1549-8719
pISSN - 1073-9688
DOI - 10.1111/micc.12250
Subject(s) - hypercapnia , cerebral blood flow , stimulation , vasodilation , sensory stimulation therapy , anesthesia , sensory system , medicine , inhalation , chemistry , neuroscience , psychology , acidosis
Objective We investigated the effects of the baseline CBF level at resting state on neurovascular coupling. Methods Diameters of arterioles, capillaries, and venulas in awake mouse brain were measured by a two‐photon microscope. Vasodilation in each of the cerebral vessels was caused by three experimental conditions: (1) sensory stimulation, (2) 5% CO 2 inhalation (hypercapnia), (3) simultaneous exposure to sensory stimulation and 5% CO 2 inhalation. CBF and CBV were also measured by a microscope and a CCD camera. Results Increases in CBF and CBV were observed under all experimental conditions. After the increases in CBF and CBV due to hypercapnia, additional increases in CBF and CBV occurred during sensory stimulation. Diameter changes in arterioles were significantly larger than those in capillaries and venulas under both sensory stimulation and 5% CO 2 inhalation. Additional vasodilation from sensory stimulation was observed under hypercapnia. The diameter change in each vessel type during sensory stimulation was maintained under simultaneous exposure to sensory stimulation and hypercapnia. Conclusions The diameter change of cerebral vessels during neural activation is reproducible regardless of whether baseline CBF has increased or not. Our finding directly demonstrates the concept of uncoupling between energy consumption and energy supply during cortical activation.