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Microwave Radiation Injures Microvasculature Through Inducing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
Author(s) -
Li Yuzhen,
Qu Xiaoling,
Wang Xiaoreng,
Liu Mi,
Wang Chen,
Lv Zhenrong,
Li Weihong,
Tao Tianqi,
Song Dandan,
Liu Xiuhua
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
microcirculation
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.793
H-Index - 83
eISSN - 1549-8719
pISSN - 1073-9688
DOI - 10.1111/micc.12122
Subject(s) - endoplasmic reticulum , calreticulin , microbiology and biotechnology , apoptosis , unfolded protein response , chemistry , biology , biochemistry
Objective The study aimed to investigate the effect of microwave radiation on microvasculature as well as the underlying mechanisms. Methods Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to microwave radiation. Microvascular diameters, flow velocity, blood perfusion, and permeability were measured. Cultured endothelial cells from microvessels were subjected to microwave radiation. Cytoskeleton, apoptosis, protein synthesis, and the markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress including 78‐kDa glucose‐regulated protein and calreticulin in endothelial cells were examined. Results Microwave radiation decreased microvascular diameters and blood perfusion, and increased the permeability of microvessles. And microwave radiation induced the formation of stress fibers, apoptosis, and LDH leakage from microvascular endothelial cells. Also, when microvascular endothelial cells were exposed to microwaves, protein synthesis was significantly elevated. We found that upon microwave radiation, the expression of 78‐kDa glucose‐regulated protein and calreticulin were greatly upregulated in microvascular endothelial cells. We also investigated possible signaling pathways for endoplasmic reticulum stress‐initiated apoptosis. C/ EBP homologous protein ( CHOP ) pathway was activated in microvascular endothelial cells exposed to microwaves. Conclusions Microwave radiation induces microvascular injury by triggering the apoptotic pathway of endoplasmic reticulum stress.