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Bayesian Skyline Plots disagree with range size changes based on Species Distribution Models for Holarctic birds
Author(s) -
Miller Eleanor F.,
Green Rhys E.,
Balmford Andrew,
Maisano Delser Pierpaolo,
Beyer Robert,
Somveille Marius,
Leonardi Michela,
Amos William,
Manica Andrea
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
molecular ecology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.619
H-Index - 225
eISSN - 1365-294X
pISSN - 0962-1083
DOI - 10.1111/mec.16032
Subject(s) - holarctic , range (aeronautics) , species distribution , bayesian probability , population , last glacial maximum , ecology , biology , habitat , statistics , glacial period , mathematics , demography , paleontology , materials science , sociology , composite material , genus
During the Quaternary, large climate oscillations impacted the distribution and demography of species globally. Two approaches have played a major role in reconstructing changes through time: Bayesian Skyline Plots (BSPs), which reconstruct population fluctuations based on genetic data, and Species Distribution Models (SDMs), which allow us to back‐cast the range occupied by a species based on its climatic preferences. In this paper, we contrast these two approaches by applying them to a large data set of 102 Holarctic bird species, for which both mitochondrial DNA sequences and distribution maps are available, to reconstruct their dynamics since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Most species experienced an increase in effective population size ( N e , as estimated by BSPs) as well as an increase in geographical range (as reconstructed by SDMs) since the LGM; however, we found no correlation between the magnitude of changes in N e and range size. The only clear signal we could detect was a later and greater increase in N e for wetland birds compared to species that live in other habitats, a probable consequence of a delayed and more extensive increase in the extent of this habitat type after the LGM. The lack of correlation between SDM and BSP reconstructions could not be reconciled even when range shifts were considered. We suggest that this pattern might be linked to changes in population densities, which can be independent of range changes, and caution that interpreting either SDMs or BSPs independently is problematic and potentially misleading.