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A new symbiotic lineage related to Neisseria and Snodgrassella arises from the dynamic and diverse microbiomes in sucking lice
Author(s) -
Říhová Jana,
Batani Giampiero,
RodríguezRuano Sonia Maria,
Martinů Jana,
Vácha František,
Nováková Eva,
Hypša Václav
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
molecular ecology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.619
H-Index - 225
eISSN - 1365-294X
pISSN - 0962-1083
DOI - 10.1111/mec.15866
Subject(s) - biology , obligate , louse , candidatus , microbiome , lineage (genetic) , zoology , commensalism , evolutionary biology , phylogenetics , metagenomics , ecology , bacteria , genetics , 16s ribosomal rna , gene
The phylogenetic diversity of symbiotic bacteria in sucking lice suggests that lice have a complex history of symbiont acquisition, loss, and replacement throughout their evolution. These processes have resulted in the establishment of different, phylogenetically distant bacteria as obligate mutualists in different louse groups. By combining metagenomics and amplicon screening across several populations of three louse species (members of the genera Polyplax and Hoplopleura ) we describe a novel louse symbiont lineage related to Neisseria and Snodgrassella , and show its independent origin in the two louse genera. While the genomes of these symbionts are highly similar, their respective distributions and status within lice microbiomes indicate that they have different functions and history. In Hoplopleura acanthopus , the Neisseriaceae‐related bacterium is a dominant obligate symbiont present across several host populations. In contrast, the Polyplax microbiomes are dominated by the obligate symbiont Legionella polyplacis , with the Neisseriaceae‐related bacterium co‐occurring only in some samples and with much lower abundance. The results thus support the view that compared to other exclusively blood feeding insects, Anoplura possess a unique capacity to acquire symbionts from diverse groups of bacteria.