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Background selection and F ST : Consequences for detecting local adaptation
Author(s) -
MattheyDoret Remi,
Whitlock Michael C.
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
molecular ecology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.619
H-Index - 225
eISSN - 1365-294X
pISSN - 0962-1083
DOI - 10.1111/mec.15197
Subject(s) - biology , background selection , local adaptation , locus (genetics) , selection (genetic algorithm) , evolutionary biology , genetics , population , genetic variation , gene flow , adaptation (eye) , directional selection , genome , gene , demography , artificial intelligence , sociology , neuroscience , computer science
Background selection is a process whereby recurrent deleterious mutations cause a decrease in the effective population size and genetic diversity at linked loci. Several authors have suggested that variation in the intensity of background selection could cause variation in F ST across the genome, which could confound signals of local adaptation in genome scans. We performed realistic simulations of DNA sequences, using recombination maps from humans and sticklebacks, to investigate how variation in the intensity of background selection affects F ST and other statistics of population differentiation in sexual, outcrossing species. We show that, in populations connected by gene flow, Weir and Cockerham's (1984; Evolution , 38 , 1358) estimator of F ST is largely insensitive to locus‐to‐locus variation in the intensity of background selection. Unlike F ST , however, d XY is negatively correlated with background selection. Moreover, background selection does not greatly affect the false‐positive rate in F ST outlier studies in populations connected by gene flow. Overall, our study indicates that background selection will not greatly interfere with finding the variants responsible for local adaptation.