Premium
Slow evolution of sex‐biased genes in the reproductive tissue of the dioecious plant Salix viminalis
Author(s) -
Darolti Iulia,
Wright Alison E.,
Pucholt Pascal,
Berlin Sofia,
Mank Judith E.
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
molecular ecology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.619
H-Index - 225
eISSN - 1365-294X
pISSN - 0962-1083
DOI - 10.1111/mec.14466
Subject(s) - biology , rate of evolution , gene , ploidy , salix viminalis , plant evolution , genetics , evolutionary biology , evolution of sexual reproduction , pollen , natural selection , sexual selection , selection (genetic algorithm) , phylogenetics , genome , botany , willow , artificial intelligence , computer science
The relative rate of evolution for sex‐biased genes has often been used as a measure of the strength of sex‐specific selection. In contrast to studies in a wide variety of animals, far less is known about the molecular evolution of sex‐biased genes in plants, particularly in dioecious angiosperms. Here, we investigate the gene expression patterns and evolution of sex‐biased genes in the dioecious plant Salix viminalis . We observe lower rates of sequence evolution for male‐biased genes expressed in the reproductive tissue compared to unbiased and female‐biased genes. These results could be partially explained by the lower codon usage bias for male‐biased genes leading to elevated rates of synonymous substitutions compared to unbiased genes. However, the stronger haploid selection in the reproductive tissue of plants, together with pollen competition, would also lead to higher levels of purifying selection acting to remove deleterious variation. Future work should focus on the differential evolution of haploid‐ and diploid‐specific genes to understand the selective dynamics acting on these loci.