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Familial social structure and socially driven genetic differentiation in Hawaiian short‐finned pilot whales
Author(s) -
Van Cise Amy M.,
Martien Karen. K.,
Mahaffy Sabre D.,
Baird Robin W.,
Webster Daniel L.,
Fowler James H.,
Oleson Erin M.,
Morin Phillip A.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
molecular ecology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.619
H-Index - 225
eISSN - 1365-294X
pISSN - 0962-1083
DOI - 10.1111/mec.14397
Subject(s) - biology , evolutionary biology , genetic structure , ecology , genetics , fishery , genetic variation , gene
Social structure can have a significant impact on divergence and evolution within species, especially in the marine environment, which has few environmental boundaries to dispersal. On the other hand, genetic structure can affect social structure in many species, through an individual preference towards associating with relatives. One social species, the short‐finned pilot whale ( Globicephala macrorhynchus ), has been shown to live in stable social groups for periods of at least a decade. Using mitochondrial control sequences from 242 individuals and single nucleotide polymorphisms from 106 individuals, we examine population structure among geographic and social groups of short‐finned pilot whales in the Hawaiian Islands, and test for links between social and genetic structure. Our results show that there are at least two geographic populations in the Hawaiian Islands: a Main Hawaiian Islands ( MHI ) population and a Northwestern Hawaiian Islands/Pelagic population ( F ST and Φ ST p < .001), as well as an eastern MHI community and a western MHI community ( F ST p = .009). We find genetically driven social structure, or high relatedness among social units and clusters ( p < .001), and a positive relationship between relatedness and association between individuals ( p < .0001). Further, socially organized clusters are genetically distinct, indicating that social structure drives genetic divergence within the population, likely through restricted mate selection ( F ST p = .05). This genetic divergence among social groups can make the species less resilient to anthropogenic or ecological disturbance. Conservation of this species therefore depends on understanding links among social structure, genetic structure and ecological variability within the species.