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Drivers of genetic differentiation in a generalist insect‐pollinated herb across spatial scales
Author(s) -
MuñozPajares A. J.,
García C.,
Abdelaziz M.,
Bosch J.,
Perfectti F.,
Gómez J. M.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
molecular ecology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.619
H-Index - 225
eISSN - 1365-294X
pISSN - 0962-1083
DOI - 10.1111/mec.13971
Subject(s) - biology , ecology , generalist and specialist species , isolation by distance , spatial ecology , geographical distance , genetic structure , genetic divergence , genetic diversity , genetic variation , evolutionary biology , habitat , population , biochemistry , demography , sociology , gene
The isolation‐by‐distance model ( IBD ) predicts that genetic differentiation among populations increases with geographic distance. Yet, empirical studies show that a variety of ecological, topographic and historical factors may override the effect of geographic distance on genetic variation. This may particularly apply to species with narrow but highly heterogeneous distribution ranges, such as those occurring along elevational gradients. Using nine SSR markers, we study the genetic differentiation of the montane pollination‐generalist herb, Erysimum mediohispanicum . Because the effects of any given factor may depend on the geographic scale considered, we investigate the contribution of different environmental and historical factors at three different spatial scales. We evaluate five competing models that put forward the role of geographic distance, local environmental factors [biotic interactions ( IBE b) and climatic variables ( IBE a)], landscape resistance ( IBR ) and phylogeographic patterns ( IBP ), respectively. We find significant IBD regardless of the spatial scale and the genetic distance estimator considered. However, IBE a and IBP also play a prominent role in shaping genetic differentiation patterns at the larger spatial scales, and IBR is significant at the fine spatial scale. Overall, our results highlight the importance of combining different estimators, statistical approaches and spatial scales to disentangle the relative importance of the various ecological factors contributing to the shaping of genetic divergence patterns in natural populations.