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Genomic divergence and lack of introgressive hybridization between two 13‐year periodical cicadas support life cycle switching in the face of climate change
Author(s) -
Koyama Takuya,
Ito Hiromu,
Fujisawa Tomochika,
Ikeda Hiroshi,
Kakishima Satoshi,
Cooley John R.,
Simon Chris,
Yoshimura Jin,
Sota Teiji
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
molecular ecology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.619
H-Index - 225
eISSN - 1365-294X
pISSN - 0962-1083
DOI - 10.1111/mec.13858
Subject(s) - biology , introgression , lineage (genetic) , evolutionary biology , voltinism , zoology , phenotypic plasticity , ecology , life history theory , genetics , larva , life history , gene
Life history evolution spurred by post‐Pleistocene climatic change is hypothesized to be responsible for the present diversity in periodical cicadas ( Magicicada ), but the mechanism of life cycle change has been controversial. To understand the divergence process of 13‐year and 17‐year cicada life cycles, we studied genetic relationships between two synchronously emerging, parapatric 13‐year periodical cicada species in the Decim group, M agicicada tredecim and M . neotredecim . The latter was hypothesized to be of hybrid origin or to have switched from a 17‐year cycle via developmental plasticity. Phylogenetic analysis using restriction‐site‐associated DNA sequences for all D ecim species and broods revealed that the 13‐year M . tredecim lineage is genomically distinct from 17‐year M agicicada septendecim but that 13‐year M . neotredecim is not. We detected no significant introgression between M . tredecim and M . neotredecim / M . septendecim thus refuting the hypothesis that M . neotredecim are products of hybridization between M . tredecim and M . septendecim . Further, we found that introgressive hybridization is very rare or absent in the contact zone between the two 13‐year species evidenced by segregation patterns in single nucleotide polymorphisms, mitochondrial lineage identity and head width and abdominal sternite colour phenotypes. Our study demonstrates that the two 13‐year Decim species are of independent origin and nearly completely reproductively isolated. Combining our data with increasing observations of occasional life cycle change in part of a cohort (e.g. 4‐year acceleration of emergence in 17‐year species), we suggest a pivotal role for developmental plasticity in Magicicada life cycle evolution.