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Strong and stable geographic differentiation of swamp buffalo maternal and paternal lineages indicates domestication in the China/Indochina border region
Author(s) -
Zhang Yi,
Lu Yongfang,
Yindee Marnoch,
Li KuanYi,
Kuo HsiaoYun,
Ju YuTen,
Ye Shaohui,
Faruque Md Omar,
Li Qiang,
Wang Yachun,
Cuong Vu Chi,
Pham Lan Doan,
Bouahom Bounthong,
Yang Bingzhuang,
Liang Xianwei,
Cai Zhihua,
Vankan Dianne,
Manatchaiworakul Wallaya,
Kowlim glid,
Duangchantrasiri Somphot,
Wajjwalku Worawidh,
Colenbrander Ben,
Zhang Yuan,
Beerli Peter,
Lenstra Johannes A.,
Barker J. Stuart F.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
molecular ecology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.619
H-Index - 225
eISSN - 1365-294X
pISSN - 0962-1083
DOI - 10.1111/mec.13518
Subject(s) - swamp , domestication , biology , haplogroup , phylogeography , lineage (genetic) , introgression , genetic diversity , mtdna control region , ecology , zoology , phylogenetic tree , haplotype , demography , population , genetics , genotype , gene , sociology
The swamp type of the Asian water buffalo is assumed to have been domesticated by about 4000 years BP , following the introduction of rice cultivation. Previous localizations of the domestication site were based on mitochondrial DNA (mt DNA ) variation within China, accounting only for the maternal lineage. We carried out a comprehensive sampling of China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Nepal and Bangladesh and sequenced the mt DNA Cytochrome b gene and control region and the Y‐chromosomal ZFY , SRY and DBY sequences. Swamp buffalo has a higher diversity of both maternal and paternal lineages than river buffalo, with also a remarkable contrast between a weak phylogeographic structure of river buffalo and a strong geographic differentiation of swamp buffalo. The highest diversity of the swamp buffalo maternal lineages was found in south China and north Indochina on both banks of the Mekong River, while the highest diversity in paternal lineages was in the China/Indochina border region. We propose that domestication in this region was later followed by introgressive capture of wild cows west of the Mekong. Migration to the north followed the Yangtze valley as well as a more eastern route, but also involved translocations of both cows and bulls over large distances with a minor influence of river buffaloes in recent decades. Bayesian analyses of various migration models also supported domestication in the China/Indochina border region. Coalescence analysis yielded consistent estimates for the expansion of the major swamp buffalo haplogroups with a credibility interval of 900 to 3900 years BP . The spatial differentiation of mt DNA and Y‐chromosomal haplotype distributions indicates a lack of gene flow between established populations that is unprecedented in livestock.