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Monophyly of Wolbachia pipientis genomes within Drosophila melanogaster : geographic structuring, titre variation and host effects across five populations
Author(s) -
Early Angela M.,
Clark Andrew G.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
molecular ecology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.619
H-Index - 225
eISSN - 1365-294X
pISSN - 0962-1083
DOI - 10.1111/mec.12530
Subject(s) - biology , wolbachia , drosophila melanogaster , evolutionary biology , melanogaster , clade , monophyly , genetic variation , host (biology) , genetic diversity , intraspecific competition , haplotype , nucleotide diversity , adaptation (eye) , genetics , phylogenetics , zoology , population , gene , genotype , demography , neuroscience , sociology
Wolbachia pipientis is one of the most widely studied endosymbionts today, yet we know little about its short‐term adaptation and evolution. Here, using a set of 91 inbred Drosophila melanogaster lines from five populations, we explore patterns of diversity and recent evolution in the Wolbachia strain w M el. Within the D. melanogaster lines, we identify six major mitochondrial clades and four w M el clades. Concordant with past studies, the Wolbachia haplotypes contain an overall low level of nucleotide diversity, yet they still display geographic structuring. Using Bayesian analysis informed with demographic estimates of colonization times, we estimate that all extant D. melanogaster mitochondrial haplotypes coalesce to a Wolbachia ‐infected ancestor approximately 2200 years ago. Finally, we measure w M el titre within the infected flies and find that titre varies across populations, an effect attributable to host genetic factors. This demonstration of local phenotypic divergence suggests that intraspecific host genetic variation plays a key role in shaping this model symbiotic system.