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Genetic drift outweighs natural selection at toll‐like receptor ( TLR ) immunity loci in a re‐introduced population of a threatened species
Author(s) -
Grueber Catherine E.,
Wallis Graham P.,
Jamieson Ian G.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
molecular ecology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.619
H-Index - 225
eISSN - 1365-294X
pISSN - 0962-1083
DOI - 10.1111/mec.12404
Subject(s) - biology , genetic diversity , population , genetic drift , natural selection , genetics , inbreeding , allele , genotype , negative selection , selection (genetic algorithm) , genetic variation , evolutionary biology , gene , genome , demography , artificial intelligence , sociology , computer science
During population establishment, genetic drift can be the key driver of changes in genetic diversity, particularly while the population is small. However, natural selection can also play a role in shaping diversity at functionally important loci. We used a well‐studied, re‐introduced population of the threatened S tewart I sland robin ( N = 722 pedigreed individuals) to determine whether selection shaped genetic diversity at innate immunity toll‐like receptor ( TLR ) genes, over a 9‐year period of population growth following establishment with 12 genetic founders. We found no evidence for selection operating with respect to TLR diversity on first‐year overwinter survival for the majority of loci, genotypes and alleles studied. However, survival of individuals with TLR 4 BE genotype was significantly improved: these birds were less than half as likely to die prior to maturity compared with all other TLR 4 genotypes. Furthermore, the population frequency of this genotype, at a two‐fold excess over H ardy– W einberg expectation, was increased by nonrandom mating. Near‐complete sampling and full pedigree and reproductive data enabled us to eliminate other potential causes of these patterns including inbreeding, year effects, density dependence, selection on animals at earlier life history stages or genome‐level association of the TLR 4 E allele with ‘good genes’. However, comparison of observed levels of gene diversity to predictions under simulated genetic drift revealed results consistent with neutral expectations for all loci, including TLR 4 . Although selection favoured TLR 4 BE heterozygotes in this population, these effects were insufficient to outweigh genetic drift. This is the first empirical study to show that genetic drift can overwhelm natural selection in a wild population immediately following establishment.