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Restriction to large‐scale gene flow vs. regional panmixia among cold seep E scarpia spp. ( P olychaeta, S iboglinidae)
Author(s) -
Cowart Dominique A.,
Huang Chunya,
ArnaudHaond Sophie,
Carney Susan L.,
Fisher Charles R.,
Schaeffer Stephen W.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
molecular ecology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.619
H-Index - 225
eISSN - 1365-294X
pISSN - 0962-1083
DOI - 10.1111/mec.12379
Subject(s) - biology , panmixia , biological dispersal , cold seep , population , gene flow , phylogeography , cytochrome c oxidase subunit i , ecology , genetic structure , zoology , genetic variation , phylogenetic tree , gene , genetics , demography , methane , sociology
The history of colonization and dispersal in fauna distributed among deep‐sea chemosynthetic ecosystems remains enigmatic and poorly understood because of an inability to mark and track individuals. A combination of molecular, morphological and environmental data improves understanding of spatial and temporal scales at which panmixia, disruption of gene flow or even speciation may occur. Vestimentiferan tubeworms of the genus Escarpia are important components of deep ‐sea cold seep ecosystems, as they provide long‐term habitat for many other taxa. Three species of E scarpia, E scarpia spicata [Gulf of California (GoC)], E scarpia laminata [Gulf of Mexico (GoM)] and E scarpia southwardae (West African Cold Seeps), have been described based on morphology, but are not discriminated through the use of mitochondrial markers (cytochrome oxidase subunit 1; large ribosomal subunit rDNA , 16S; cytochrome b ). Here, we also sequenced the exon‐primed intron‐crossing Haemoglobin subunit B2 intron and genotyped 28 microsatellites to (i) determine the level of genetic differentiation, if any, among the three geographically separated entities and (ii) identify possible population structure at the regional scale within the GoM and West Africa. Results at the global scale support the occurrence of three genetically distinct groups. At the regional scale among eight sampling sites of E . laminata ( n = 129) and among three sampling sites of E . southwardae ( n = 80), no population structure was detected. These findings suggest that despite the patchiness and isolation of seep habitats, connectivity is high on regional scales.