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Cryptic diversity and gene flow among three A frican agricultural pests: C eratitis rosa , Ceratitis fasciventris and Ceratitis anonae ( D iptera, T ephritidae)
Author(s) -
Virgilio M.,
Delatte H.,
Quilici S.,
Backeljau T.,
Meyer M.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
molecular ecology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.619
H-Index - 225
eISSN - 1365-294X
pISSN - 0962-1083
DOI - 10.1111/mec.12278
Subject(s) - biology , gene flow , sympatry , interspecific competition , sympatric speciation , genetic diversity , evolutionary biology , reproductive isolation , genetic variation , genetics , ecology , gene , population , demography , sociology
The ‘ Ceratitis FAR complex’ is a species complex of African fruit flies (Diptera, Tephritidae) including the major agricultural pest C eratitis rosa and the morphologically similar C eratitis fasciventris and C eratitis anonae . To resolve their intra‐ and interspecific genetic relationships and to estimate gene flow within this complex, we surveyed allelic variation at 16 microsatellite loci in 27 African populations of the three morphospecies. Interpopulation genetic distances and individual Bayesian assignments distinguished five genotypic clusters: two involving C . rosa ( R 1, R 2; that may occur in sympatry), two involving C . fasciventris ( F 1, F 2; with parapatric distributions) and one involving C . anonae (A). Intra‐ and interspecific patterns of genetic differentiation were not hierarchically structured and genetic differentiation between conspecific clusters ( F 1– F 2 and R 1– R 2) was higher or comparable with differentiation between heterospecific clusters ( e.g . F 1‐A or R 2‐A). In some cases, gene flow estimates among morphospecies or among heterospecific genotypic clusters were significantly different from zero, showing the lack of reproductive isolation. Genetic differentiation between genotypic clusters was partly supported by morphological differences observed a posteriori in male secondary sexual characters. These results suggest important revisions to current models of ecological niche requirements and invasion risk of the major agricultural pest C . rosa and provide a basis for a taxonomic re‐interpretation of the FAR complex.