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Heterogeneous distribution of H 2 O in the Martian interior: Implications for the abundance of H 2 O in depleted and enriched mantle sources
Author(s) -
McCubbin Francis M.,
Boyce Jeremy W.,
Srinivasan Poorna,
Santos Alison R.,
Elardo Stephen M.,
Filiberto Justin,
Steele Andrew,
Shearer Charles K.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
meteoritics and planetary science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.09
H-Index - 100
eISSN - 1945-5100
pISSN - 1086-9379
DOI - 10.1111/maps.12639
Subject(s) - martian , meteorite , crust , mantle (geology) , geology , martian surface , geochemistry , basalt , apatite , fractional crystallization (geology) , chondrite , mars exploration program , breccia , astrobiology , mineralogy , physics
We conducted a petrologic study of apatite within 12 Martian meteorites, including 11 shergottites and one basaltic regolith breccia. These data were combined with previously published data to gain a better understanding of the abundance and distribution of volatiles in the Martian interior. Apatites in individual Martian meteorites span a wide range of compositions, indicating they did not form by equilibrium crystallization. In fact, the intrasample variation in apatite is best described by either fractional crystallization or crustal contamination with a Cl‐rich crustal component. We determined that most Martian meteorites investigated here have been affected by crustal contamination and hence cannot be used to estimate volatile abundances of the Martian mantle. Using the subset of samples that did not exhibit crustal contamination, we determined that the enriched shergottite source has 36–73 ppm H 2 O and the depleted source has 14–23 ppm H 2 O. This result is consistent with other observed geochemical differences between enriched and depleted shergottites and supports the idea that there are at least two geochemically distinct reservoirs in the Martian mantle. We also estimated the H 2 O, Cl, and F content of the Martian crust using known crust‐mantle distributions for incompatible lithophile elements. We determined that the bulk Martian crust has ~1410 ppm H 2 O, 450 ppm Cl, and 106 ppm F, and Cl and H 2 O are preferentially distributed toward the Martian surface. The estimate of crustal H 2 O results in a global equivalent surface layer ( GEL ) of ~229 m, which can account for at least some of the surface features on Mars attributed to flowing water and may be sufficient to support the past presence of a shallow sea on Mars' surface.