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Non‐amyloid liver involvement in familial Mediterranean fever: A systematic literature review
Author(s) -
Fraisse Thibault,
Savey Léa,
Hentgen Véronique,
RossiSemerano Linda,
KonéPaut Isabelle,
Grateau Gilles,
GeorginLavialle Sophie,
DucharmeBénard Stéphanie
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
liver international
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.873
H-Index - 110
eISSN - 1478-3231
pISSN - 1478-3223
DOI - 10.1111/liv.14445
Subject(s) - familial mediterranean fever , medicine , mefv , cirrhosis , gastroenterology , nonalcoholic fatty liver disease , amyloidosis , colchicine , fatty liver , metabolic syndrome , disease , pediatrics , gene mutation , obesity , mutation , gene , chemistry , biochemistry
Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), the most frequent autoinflammatory disease, is caused by mutations in the MEFV gene. It is characterized by recurrent febrile attacks of polyserositis. Liver abnormalities may develop during its course, but they remain poorly defined. Objective To describe liver involvement in FMF patients. Methods A systematic search was conducted through PubMed/Medline and Embase from 1946 to January 2020. All articles describing children and adults with FMF and liver involvement were included. Patients with amyloidosis were excluded. The selected full‐text articles were independently reviewed by three investigators. Results Forty‐three articles were identified, of which 20 articles with a total of 99 patients were included: 74 adults, 23 children and two patients of unknown age. Ten patients had cryptogenic cirrhosis, 48 had nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), four had Budd‐Chiari syndrome (BCS), 12 had isolated hyperbilirubinaemia and 25 had elevated liver enzymes. Conclusion Despite a low prevalence of metabolic risk factors, FMF may be associated with NAFLD and cryptogenic cirrhosis as a consequence of chronic or recurrent inflammation. FMF patients should be regularly screened for liver injury. The latter may be prevented and treated by daily colchicine intake. The evidence was insufficient to establish an association with BCS, hyperbilirubinaemia or autoimmune hepatitis.