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Toll‐like receptors and liver disease
Author(s) -
Kesar Vivek,
Odin Joseph A.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
liver international
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.873
H-Index - 110
eISSN - 1478-3231
pISSN - 1478-3223
DOI - 10.1111/liv.12315
Subject(s) - receptor , immunology , toll like receptor , signal transduction , inflammation , biology , pattern recognition receptor , signalling , signal transducing adaptor protein , medicine , innate immune system , immune system , microbiology and biotechnology , biochemistry
Toll‐like receptors ( TLR s) are pattern recognition receptors that play an important role in host defence by recognizing pathogen‐associated molecular patterns ( PAMP ). Recent studies indicate that TLR signalling plays an important role in progression of chronic liver diseases. Ongoing clinical trials suggest that therapeutic manipulation of TLR pathways may offer novel means of reversing chronic liver diseases. Upon activation by their respective ligands, TLR s initiate an intracellular pro‐inflammatory/anti‐inflammatory signalling cascade via recruitment of various adaptor proteins. TLR associated signalling pathways are tightly regulated to keep a check on inappropriate production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and interferons thereby preventing various autoimmune and inflammatory processes. Herein, we review the current state of knowledge of hepatic distribution, signalling pathways and therapeutic modulation of TLR s in chronic liver diseases.