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Induction of trap formation in nematode‐trapping fungi by bacteria‐released ammonia
Author(s) -
Su H.N.,
Xu Y.Y.,
Wang X.,
Zhang K.Q.,
Li G.H.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
letters in applied microbiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.698
H-Index - 110
eISSN - 1472-765X
pISSN - 0266-8254
DOI - 10.1111/lam.12557
Subject(s) - nematode , bacteria , ammonia , petri dish , fungus , extraction (chemistry) , microbiology and biotechnology , trap (plumbing) , chemistry , biology , chromatography , adhesive , food science , botany , biochemistry , ecology , organic chemistry , genetics , layer (electronics) , environmental engineering , engineering
A total of 11 bacterial strains were assayed for bacteria‐induced trap formation in the nematode‐trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora YMF 1·01883 with two‐compartmented Petri dish. These strains were identified on the basis of their 16S rRNA gene sequences. Volatile organic compounds ( VOC s) of eight isolates were extracted using solid‐phase micro‐extraction ( SPME ) and their structures were identified based on gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry ( GC ‐ MS ). At the same time, all isolates were used for quantitative measurement of ammonia by the indophenol blue method. The effects of pure commercial compounds on inducement of trap formation in A. oligospora were tested. Taken together, results demonstrated that the predominant bacterial volatile compound inducing trap formation was ammonia. Meanwhile, ammonia also played a role in other nematode‐trapping fungi, including Arthrobotrys guizhouensis YMF 1·00014, producing adhesive nets; Dactylellina phymatopaga YMF 1·01474, producing adhesive knobs; Dactylellina cionopaga YMF 1·01472, producing adhesive columns and Drechslerella brochopaga YMF 1·01829, producing constricting rings.