The effect of ambient temperature on locomotor activity patterns in reproductive and non‐reproductive female D amaraland mole‐rats

The subterranean niche is a specialized environment that presents its inhabitants with a unique set of microclimatic conditions. A frican mole‐rats are strictly subterranean and exhibit a continuum of sociality ranging from solitary to highly social. Colonies of the D amaraland mole‐rat F ukomys damarensis comprise of a dominant breeding or reproductive female and one or two male consorts and a number of subordinate and non‐reproductive individuals of both sexes. In this study, we investigated the locomotor activity patterns of reproductive and non‐reproductive female D amaraland mole‐rats with the intention to investigate daily timing of activity and activity levels with changes in ambient temperature and also whether activity would differ between the reproductive castes at different ambient temperatures. The D amaraland mole‐rats displayed predominantly nocturnal activity at all three temperatures and the levels of activity were different for all three temperatures tested. Mole‐rats exhibited the lowest levels of activity at 30°C; they are most active at 25°C while they display intermediate levels of activity at 20°C. Despite exhibiting the majority of their activity during the night, non‐reproductive females display significantly more day‐time activity compared with the reproductive females at all three temperatures. Nocturnal activity is comparable between reproductive and non‐reproductive animals at 20 and 25°C, but not at 30°C. Daily locomotor activity rhythms of the D amaraland mole‐rats appear to be relatively flexible and respond to comparatively small changes in ambient temperatures. Differences in daily activity between reproductive and non‐reproductive animals may emphasize the existence of physiological and morphological castes in the D amaraland mole‐rat.