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Community dissimilarity of angiosperm trees reveals deep‐time diversification across tropical and temperate forests
Author(s) -
Kusumoto Buntarou,
Kubota Yasuhiro,
Baselga Andrés,
GómezRodríguez Carola,
Matthews Thomas J.,
Murphy Daniel J.,
Shiono Takayuki
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
journal of vegetation science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.1
H-Index - 115
eISSN - 1654-1103
pISSN - 1100-9233
DOI - 10.1111/jvs.13017
Subject(s) - temperate climate , nestedness , distance matrices in phylogeny , temperate rainforest , ecology , diversification (marketing strategy) , taxonomic rank , temperate forest , taxon , tropics , geography , spatial ecology , pairwise comparison , biology , species richness , ecosystem , statistics , mathematics , bioinformatics , marketing , business
Question To better understand the influence of deep‐time diversification on extant plant communities, we assessed how community dissimilarity increases with spatial and climatic distances at multiple taxonomic ranks (species, genus, family, and order) in angiosperm trees. We tested the prediction that the dissimilarity–distance relationship should change across taxonomic ranks depending on the deep‐time diversification in different biogeographical regions reflecting geohistories and geographical settings. Location Global. Methods Using a data set of plot‐based surveys across the globe (861 plots), we compiled a community composition matrix comprising 21,455 species, 2,741 genera, 240 families, and 57 orders. We then calculated Sørensen's pairwise dissimilarity (β sor ), and its turnover (β sim ) and nestedness (β sne ) components, among plots within seven biogeographical regions. Finally, we modeled the relationships between the biotic dissimilarities and the spatial/climatic distances at each taxonomic rank, and compared them among regions. Results β sor and β sim increased with increasing spatial and climatic distance in all biogeographical regions: β sim was dominant in all biogeographical regions in general, while β sne showed relatively high contributions to total dissimilarity in the temperate regions with historically unstable climatic conditions. The β sim ‐distance curve was more saturated at smaller spatial scales in the tropics than in the temperate regions. In general, the curves became flatter at higher taxonomic ranks (order or family), with the exception of Africa, North America, and Australia, pointing to region‐specific geographical constraints. Conclusions Compositional dissimilarity was generally shaped through the abrupt turnover of species along spatial/climatic gradients. The relatively high importance of the nestedness component in the temperate regions suggests that historical dispersal filters related to extinction/colonization may play important roles. Region‐specific changes in the turnover and nestedness components across taxonomic ranks suggest differential imprints of historical diversification over deep evolutionary time in shaping extant diversity patterns in each biogeographical region.