Premium
Functional biogeography of weeds reveals how anthropogenic management blurs trait–climate relationships
Author(s) -
Bourgeois Bérenger,
Munoz François,
Gaba Sabrina,
Denelle Pierre,
Fried Guillaume,
Storkey Jonathan,
Violle Cyrille
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
journal of vegetation science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.1
H-Index - 115
eISSN - 1654-1103
pISSN - 1100-9233
DOI - 10.1111/jvs.12999
Subject(s) - trait , grassland , ecology , specific leaf area , ecosystem , arable land , climate change , plant community , biodiversity , biology , environmental science , geography , agronomy , species richness , botany , agriculture , photosynthesis , computer science , programming language
Questions Studies in functional biogeography have mostly focused on unmanaged ecosystems, and neglected testing how management intensity affects community‐level response of plant traits to bioclimatic gradients. We hypothesize that trait–climate relationships for arable weeds spontaneously establishing in croplands subject to intensive management should differ from the relationships characterizing less intensively managed grassland ecosystems. Location France. Methods We computed community‐weighted means (CWM) and variances (CWV) of 954 and 5,619 cropland and grassland plant assemblages, respectively, for three fundamental leaf traits (specific leaf area, SLA; leaf dry matter content, LDMC; leaf nitrogen content, LNC). Based on growing season length accounting for both temperature and soil water limitations (GSL tw ), we compared trait–climate relationships between herbicide‐free croplands and grasslands, and between herbicide‐free and herbicide‐sprayed cropland assemblages. The contribution of beta‐diversity to the trait–climate relationships was then evaluated using multiple regression on distance matrices. Results Distinct trait–climate relationships characterized herbicide‐free cropland and grassland plant assemblages. CWM of all traits showed weaker relations with GSL tw in cropland relative to grassland assemblages. CWV of LDMC and LNC responded more sharply in croplands. Furthermore, no herbicide effect on trait–climate relationships was detected within cropland assemblages. These results seem to be explained by a greater taxonomic beta‐diversity along the GSL tw gradient for grasslands. Conclusions Specific trait–environment relationships characterize croplands, underlining that management intensity greatly affects trait–climate relationships for plant assemblages. Deciphering the interplay between land use intensification and climate is critical to accurately forecast functional vegetation changes in response to global changes, and hence to foster actions enhancing ecosystem resilience.