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Plasma disposition of ceftazidime in healthy neonatal foals following intravenous and intramuscular administration
Author(s) -
McNeal Christina D.,
Ryan Clare A.,
Berghaus Londa J.,
Credille Brenton C.,
Lo ChihPing,
Fajt Virginia R.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.527
H-Index - 60
eISSN - 1365-2885
pISSN - 0140-7783
DOI - 10.1111/jvp.12947
Subject(s) - ceftazidime , pharmacokinetics , medicine , cephalosporin , cmax , bioavailability , pharmacology , neonatal sepsis , intramuscular injection , pharmacodynamics , sepsis , antibiotics , anesthesia , microbiology and biotechnology , biology , bacteria , genetics , pseudomonas aeruginosa
Cephalosporin antimicrobials can be utilized for the treatment of sepsis in neonatal foals, particularly when an aminoglycoside is contraindicated. Some cephalosporins, however, are not utilized because of cost, sporadic availability, or uncertainty about efficacy. The plasma disposition of ceftazidime, a third‐generation cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of activity against a wide variety of gram‐negative bacteria and minimal renal side effects has not been reported in neonatal foals. In this study, the plasma disposition of single intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) doses of ceftazidime in neonatal foals was determined. Six healthy one to two‐day‐old foals were given 25 mg/kg of ceftazidime by IV and IM routes in a cross‐over design, with a 48‐h washout period between doses. Non‐compartmental analysis was used to estimate plasma pharmacokinetic parameters. Median t 1/2 was 2 h and median AUC 0‐last was 364 µg h/ml for both IV and IM administration. Median C max after IM administration was 101 µg/ml, with a median T max of 0.7 h. Relative bioavailability of IM injection was 90%. There were no statistically significant differences between estimated IV and IM pharmacokinetic parameters. Plasma concentrations remained above the human CLSI susceptible breakpoint for Enterobacteriaceae for over 8 h following IV and IM administration.