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Pharmacokinetics of a sulfadiazine and trimethoprim suspension in neonatal foals
Author(s) -
Swain O'Fallon Elsbeth,
McCue Patrick,
Rao Sangeeta,
Gustafson Daniel L.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.527
H-Index - 60
eISSN - 1365-2885
pISSN - 0140-7783
DOI - 10.1111/jvp.12930
Subject(s) - pharmacokinetics , sulfadiazine , trimethoprim , foal , medicine , population , pharmacology , oral administration , chemistry , antibiotics , biology , biochemistry , environmental health , genetics
There is limited investigation of neonatal foal pharmacokinetic parameters for the antimicrobial combination of sulfadiazine (SDZ) and trimethoprim (TMP). Neonatal pharmacokinetic investigation of the sulfadiazine–trimethoprim combination is required to ensure safe and effective utilization in this population. The purpose of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of sulfadiazine–trimethoprim in five healthy neonatal foals with oral administration at 24 mg/kg every 12 hr (hrs) for 10 days. Blood samples were collected at serial time points at approximately 72 hr of age (steady‐state) and at days 5 and 10 to monitor the influence of age within the neonatal period. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using a one‐compartment model analysis, and mean ± SD was calculated. C max was 37.8 ± 13.4 μg/ml (SDZ) and 1.92 ± 0.25 μg/ml (TMP). T max was 1.4 ± 0.6 hr (SDZ) and 1.4 ± 0.4 hr (TMP). C min for SDZ and TMP was 16.84 ± 8.46 μg/ml and 0.46 ± 0.24 μg/ml, respectively. Elimination half‐life was 10.8 ± 6.1 hr (SDZ) and 6.5 ± 2 hr (TMP). AUC 0 → ∞ was 667 ± 424 μg × hr/ml (SDZ) and 21.1 ± 5.3 μg × hr/ml (TMP). Foals remained healthy, and the plasma concentration of sulfadiazine–trimethoprim reached levels above MIC (90) for Streptococcus equi ssp. (SDZ/TMP): 9.5/0.5 μg/ml).