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The bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of an amoxicillin–clavulanic acid granular combination after intravenous and oral administration in swine
Author(s) -
Sun Pan,
Zhao Tingting,
Xiao Hongzhi,
Wang Jie,
Zhang Suxia,
Cao Xingyuan
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.527
H-Index - 60
eISSN - 1365-2885
pISSN - 0140-7783
DOI - 10.1111/jvp.12916
Subject(s) - bioavailability , pharmacokinetics , clavulanic acid , amoxicillin , oral administration , pharmacology , chemistry , volume of distribution , medicine , antibiotics , biochemistry
The pharmacokinetic behaviours of amoxicillin (AMX) and clavulanic acid (CA) in swine were studied after either an intravenous or oral administration of AMX (10 mg/kg) and CA (2.5 mg/kg). The concentrations of these two medicines in swine plasma were determined using high‐performance liquid chromatographic‐tandem mass spectrometry, and the data were analysed using a noncompartmental model with the WinNonlin software. After intravenous administration, both substances were absorbed rapidly and reached their effective therapeutic concentration quickly. CA was eliminated more slowly compared with AMX. Moreover, the distribution volume of AMX was larger than that of CA, suggesting that AMX could penetrate tissues better. After oral administration of the granular formulation, no significant difference was observed in the mean elimination half‐life value between AMX and CA. The mean maximal plasma concentrations of AMX and CA, reached after 1.14 and 1.32 hr, were 2.58 and 1.91 μg/m, respectively. The mean oral bioavailability of AMX and CA was 23.6% and 26.4%, respectively. After oral administration, the T>MIC 50 for three common respiratory pathogens was over 6.12 hr. Therefore, oral administration could be more effective in the clinical therapy of pigs, especially when administered twice daily.