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Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of alfaxalone after a single intramuscular or intravascular injection in mallard ducks ( Anas platyrhynchos )
Author(s) -
Kruse Tamara N.,
Messenger Kristen M.,
Bowman Andrew S.,
Aarnes Turi K.,
Wittum Thomas E.,
Flint Mark
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.527
H-Index - 60
eISSN - 1365-2885
pISSN - 0140-7783
DOI - 10.1111/jvp.12804
Subject(s) - pharmacodynamics , pharmacokinetics , anas , anesthesia , dose , volume of distribution , medicine , sedation , bioavailability , pharmacology , biology , genetics
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of alfaxalone was performed in mallard ducks ( Anas platyrhynchos ) after single bolus injections of 10 mg/kg administered intramuscularly (IM; n = 10) or intravenously (IV; n = 10), in a randomized cross‐over design with a washout period between doses. Mean (± SD ) C max following IM injection was 1.6 (±0.8) µg/ml with T max at 15.0 (±10.5) min. Area under the curve (AUC) was 84.66 and 104.58 min*mg/ml following IV and IM administration, respectively. Volume of distribution ( V D ) after IV dose was 3.0 L/kg. The mean plasma clearance after 10 mg/kg IV was 139.5 (±67.9) ml min −1 kg −1 . Elimination half‐lives (mean [± SD ]) were 15.0 and 16.1 (±3.0) min following IV and IM administration, respectively. Mean bioavailability at 10 mg/kg IM was 108.6%. None of the ducks achieved a sufficient anesthetic depth for invasive procedures, such as surgery, to be performed. Heart and respiratory rates measured after administration remained stable, but many ducks were hyperexcitable during recovery. Based on sedation levels and duration, alfaxalone administered at dosages of 10 mg/kg IV or IM in mallard ducks does not induce clinically acceptable anesthesia.