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Pharmacokinetics of the amoxicillin–clavulanic acid combination after intravenous and oral administration in cats
Author(s) -
Yang Fan,
Yang Fang,
Wang Guoyong,
Xi Wenyuan,
Zhang Chaoshuo,
Wang Han
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.527
H-Index - 60
eISSN - 1365-2885
pISSN - 0140-7783
DOI - 10.1111/jvp.12765
Subject(s) - pharmacokinetics , amoxicillin , clavulanic acid , oral administration , volume of distribution , chemistry , cats , pharmacology , absorption (acoustics) , minimum inhibitory concentration , antibiotics , medicine , biochemistry , physics , acoustics
The pharmacokinetic properties of amoxicillin (AMX) and clavulanic acid (CLV) were studied in healthy cats following single intravenous and oral dosage of 10 mg/kg of AMX and 2.5 mg/kg of CLV. The drug concentrations in plasma were determined by a high‐performance liquid chromatographic – tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS‐MS) method validated for canine plasma and further subjected to noncompartmental analysis. After intravenous injection, no significant difference ( p > 0.05) was found in the volume of distribution of these two compounds. In addition, AMX and CLV were both rapidly eliminated from plasma with a clearance of 0.453 and 0.921 L hr −1 kg −1 , respectively; however, a quicker elimination was observed for CLV ( p < 0.01). After oral administration, both drugs were characterized by rapid absorption with an absorption half‐life of 1.10 and 0.70 hr for AMX and CLV, respectively. Significant differences were observed between their absorption rates ( p < 0.05). However, the oral bioavailabilities of AMX and CLV (75.57% and 98.15%, respectively) were not statistically different ( p > 0.05). A total intravenous or oral dose at 12.5 mg/kg of AMX and CLV (4:1) is predicted to be effective for treating those bacterial species isolated from cats with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ≤0.25 μg/ml for 12 hr, based on a time above the MIC (T > MIC) of 40%.