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Evaluation of plasma concentration after intravenous and intramuscular penicillin administration over 24 hr in healthy adult horses
Author(s) -
Younkin Jarrod T.,
Santschi Elizabeth M.,
Kukanich Butch,
Lubbers Brian V.,
Warner Matthew
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.527
H-Index - 60
eISSN - 1365-2885
pISSN - 0140-7783
DOI - 10.1111/jvp.12730
Subject(s) - penicillin , dosing , medicine , antibiotics , procaine , pharmacodynamics , plasma concentration , pharmacology , anesthesia , pharmacokinetics , microbiology and biotechnology , biology
Penicillin is administered intravenously ( IV ) or intramuscularly ( IM ) to horses for the prevention and treatment of infections, and both routes have disadvantages. To minimize these shortcomings, a 24‐hr hybrid administration protocol ( HPP ) was developed. Our objective was to determine penicillin plasma concentrations in horses administered via HPP . Venous blood was collected from seven healthy horses administered IV potassium penicillin G at 0 and 6 hr and IM procaine penicillin G at 12 hr. Blood was collected at 2‐hr intervals from 0 to 20 hr and at 24 hr. Plasma penicillin concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Penicillin susceptibility from equine isolates was examined to determine pharmacodynamic targets. The MIC 90 of penicillin for 264 isolates of Streptococcus sp. was ≤0.06 μg/ml. For the 24‐hr dosing interval, the mean plasma penicillin concentration was >0.07 μg/ml. Five horses (72%) exceeded 0.06 μg/ml for 98% of the dosing interval, and two horses exceeded this value for 52%–65% of the dosing interval. The HPP achieved mean plasma penicillin concentrations in healthy adult horses above 0.07 μg/ml for a 24‐hr dosing interval. However, individual variations in plasma concentrations were apparent and deserve future clinical study.