Premium
Pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin trihydrate in male A sian elephants ( E lephas maximus ) following intramuscular administration
Author(s) -
Sinphithakkul P.,
Klangkaew N.,
Sanyathitiseree P.,
Giorgi M.,
Kumagai S.,
Poapolathep A.,
Poapolathep S.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.527
H-Index - 60
eISSN - 1365-2885
pISSN - 0140-7783
DOI - 10.1111/jvp.12265
Subject(s) - dose , cmax , pharmacokinetics , amoxicillin , oral administration , elephas , chemistry , intramuscular injection , pharmacology , electrospray ionization , body weight , medicine , zoology , chromatography , antibiotics , biology , mass spectrometry , biochemistry , paleontology
The purpose of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of amoxicillin (AMX) trihydrate in male Asian elephants, Elephas maximus , following intramuscular administration at two dosages of 5.5 and 11 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). Blood samples were collected from 0.5 up to 72 h. The concentration of AMX in elephant plasma was measured using liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. AMX was measurable up to 24 h after administration at two dosages. Peak plasma concentration ( C max ) was 1.20 ± 0.39 μg/mL after i.m. administration at a dosage of 5.5 mg/kg b.w., whereas it was 3.40 ± 0.63 μg/mL at a dosage of 11 mg/kg b.w. A noncompartment model was developed to describe the disposition of AMX in Asian elephants. Based on the preliminary findings found in this research, the dosage of 5.5 and 11 mg/kg b.w. produced drug plasma concentrations higher than 0.25 mg/mL for 24 h after i.m. administration. Thereafter, i.m. administration with AMX at a dosage of 5.5 mg/kg b.w. appeared a more suitable dose than 11 mg/kg b.w. However, more studies are needed to determine AMX clinical effectiveness in elephants.