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Prediction of formulation effects on dermal absorption of topically applied ectoparasiticides dosed in vitro on canine and porcine skin using a mixture‐adjusted quantitative structure permeability relationship
Author(s) -
Riviere J. E.,
Brooks J. D.,
Collard W. T.,
Deng J.,
Rose G.,
Mahabir S. P.,
Merritt D. A.,
Marchiondo A. A.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.527
H-Index - 60
eISSN - 1365-2885
pISSN - 0140-7783
DOI - 10.1111/jvp.12121
Subject(s) - chemistry , permeation , transdermal , penetration (warfare) , permethrin , chromatography , pharmacology , mathematics , biochemistry , medicine , operations research , membrane , pesticide , agronomy , biology
Topical application of ectoparasiticides for flea and tick control is a major focus for product development in animal health. The objective of this work was to develop a quantitative structure permeability relationship ( QSP eR) model sensitive to formulation effects for predicting absorption and skin deposition of five topically applied drugs administered in six vehicle combinations to porcine and canine skin in vitro . Saturated solutions (20 μL) of 14 C‐labeled demiditraz, fipronil, permethrin, imidacloprid, or sisapronil were administered in single or binary (50:50 v/v) combinations of water, ethanol, and transcutol (6 formulations, n = 4–5 replicates per treatment) nonoccluded to 0.64 cm 2 disks of dermatomed pig or dog skin mounted in flow‐through diffusion cells. Perfusate flux over 24 h and skin deposition at termination were determined. Permeability (logKp), absorption, and penetration endpoints were modeled using a four‐term Abrahams and Martin (hydrogen‐bond donor acidity and basicity, dipolarity/polarizability, and excess molar refractivity) linear free energy QSP eR equation with a mixture factor added to compensate for formulation ingredient interactions. Goodness of fit was judged by r 2 , cross‐validation coefficient, coefficients (q 2 s), and Williams Plot to visualize the applicability domain. Formulation composition was the primary determinant of permeation. Compounds generally penetrated dog skin better than porcine skin. The vast majority of permeated penetrant was deposited within the dosed skin relative to transdermal flux, an attribute for ectoparasiticides. The best QSP eR logKp model for pig skin permeation ( r 2 = 0.86, q 2 s = 0.85) included log octanol/water partition coefficient as the mixture factor, while for dogs ( r 2 = 0.91, q 2 s = 0.90), it was log water solubility. These studies clearly showed that the permeation of topical ectoparasiticides could be well predicted using QSP eR models that account for both the physical–chemical properties of the penetrant and formulation components.