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Pharmacokinetics of chloramphenicol following administration of intravenous and subcutaneous chloramphenicol sodium succinate, and subcutaneous chloramphenicol, to koalas ( Phascolarctos cinereus )
Author(s) -
Black L. A.,
McLachlan A. J.,
Griffith J. E.,
Higgins D. P.,
Gillett A.,
Krockenberger M. B.,
Govendir M.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.527
H-Index - 60
eISSN - 1365-2885
pISSN - 0140-7783
DOI - 10.1111/jvp.12024
Subject(s) - chloramphenicol , pharmacokinetics , medicine , chemistry , regimen , antibiotics , pharmacology , biology , microbiology and biotechnology
Clinically normal koalas ( n = 19) received a single dose of intravenous (i.v.) chloramphenicol sodium succinate (SS) (25 mg/kg; n = 6), subcutaneous (s.c.) chloramphenicol SS (60 mg/kg; n = 7) or s.c. chloramphenicol base (60 mg/kg; n = 6). Serial plasma samples were collected over 24–48 h, and chloramphenicol concentrations were determined using a validated high‐performance liquid chromatography assay. The median (range) apparent clearance (CL/ F ) and elimination half‐life ( t 1/2 ) of chloramphenicol after i.v. chloramphenicol SS administration were 0.52 (0.35–0.99) L/h/kg and 1.13 (0.76–1.40) h, respectively. Although the area under the concentration–time curve was comparable for the two s.c. formulations, the absorption rate‐limited disposition of chloramphenicol base resulted in a lower median C max (2.52; range 0.75–6.80 μg/mL) and longer median t max (8.00; range 4.00–12.00 h) than chloramphenicol SS (C max 20.37, range 13.88–25.15 μg/mL; t max 1.25, range 1.00–2.00 h). When these results were compared with susceptibility data for human Chlamydia isolates, the expected efficacy of the current chloramphenicol dosing regimen used in koalas to treat chlamydiosis remains uncertain and at odds with clinical observations.