Open AccessComparison of intranasal versus intravenous midazolam for management of status epilepticus in dogs: A multi‐center randomized parallel group clinical study
Author(s) -
Charalambous Marios,
Volk Holger A.,
Tipold Andrea,
Erath Johannes,
Huenerfauth Enrice,
Gallucci Antonella,
Gandini Gualtiero,
Hasegawa Daisuke,
Pancotto Theresa,
Rossmeisl John H.,
Platt Simon,
De Risio Luisa,
Coates Joan R.,
Musteata Mihai,
Tirrito Federica,
Cozzi Francesca,
Porcarelli Laura,
Corlazzoli Daniele,
Cappello Rodolfo,
Vanhaesebrouck An,
Broeckx Bart J.G.,
Van Ham Luc,
Bhatti Sofie F.M.
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
journal of veterinary internal medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.356
H-Index - 103
eISSN - 1939-1676
pISSN - 0891-6640
DOI - 10.1111/jvim.15627
Subject(s) - medicine , status epilepticus , midazolam , anesthesia , randomized controlled trial , epilepsy , statistical significance , adverse effect , sedation , lorazepam , surgery , psychiatry
Background The intranasal (IN) route for rapid drug administration in patients with brain disorders, including status epilepticus, has been investigated. Status epilepticus is an emergency, and the IN route offers a valuable alternative to other routes, especially when these fail. Objectives To compare IN versus IV midazolam (MDZ) at the same dosage (0.2 mg/kg) for controlling status epilepticus in dogs. Animals Client‐owned dogs (n = 44) with idiopathic epilepsy, structural epilepsy, or epilepsy of unknown origin manifesting as status epilepticus. Methods Randomized parallel group clinical trial. Patients were randomly allocated to the IN‐MDZ (n = 21) or IV‐MDZ (n = 23) group. Number of successfully treated cases (defined as seizure cessation within 5 minutes and lasting for ≥10 minutes), seizure cessation time, and adverse effects were recorded. Comparisons were performed using the Fisher's exact and Wilcoxon rank sum tests with statistical significance set at α < .05. Results IN‐MDZ and IV‐MDZ successfully stopped status epilepticus in 76% and 61% of cases, respectively ( P = .34). The median seizure cessation time was 33 and 64 seconds for IN‐MDZ and IV‐MDZ, respectively ( P = .63). When the time to place an IV catheter was taken into account, IN‐MDZ (100 seconds) was superior ( P = .04) to IV‐MDZ (270 seconds). Sedation and ataxia were seen in 88% and 79% of the dogs treated with IN‐MDZ and IV‐MDZ, respectively. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Both routes are quick, safe, and effective for controlling status epilepticus. However, the IN route demonstrated superiority when the time needed to place an IV catheter was taken into account.