Open AccessEstablishment of reference values of the caudal vena cava by fast‐ultrasonography through different views in healthy dogs
Author(s) -
Darnis Elodie,
Boysen Soren,
Merveille AnneChristine,
Desquilbet Loïc,
Chalhoub Serge,
Gommeren Kris
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
journal of veterinary internal medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.356
H-Index - 103
eISSN - 1939-1676
pISSN - 0891-6640
DOI - 10.1111/jvim.15136
Subject(s) - medicine , expiration , aorta , concordance , concordance correlation coefficient , intravascular volume status , vena cava , body surface area , ultrasonography , inferior vena cava , allometry , nuclear medicine , anatomy , radiology , cardiology , hemodynamics , respiratory system , statistics , mathematics , ecology , biology
Background Clinical assessment of intravascular volume status is challenging. In humans, ultrasonographic assessment of the inferior vena cava diameter, directly or as a ratio to the aortic diameter is used to estimate intravascular volume status. Objectives To ultrasonographically obtain reference values (RV) for caudal vena cava diameter (CVC D ), area (CVC a ) and aortic ratios using 3 views in awake healthy dogs. Animals One hundred and twenty‐six healthy adult dogs from clients, students, faculty, or staff. Methods Prospective, multicenter, observational study. Two observer pairs evaluated CVC D by a longitudinal subxiphoid view (SV), a transverse 11th‐13th right hepatic intercostal view (HV), and a longitudinal right paralumbar view (PV). Inter‐rater agreements were estimated using concordance correlation coefficients (CCC). For body weight (BW) ‐ dependent variables, RVs were calculated using allometric scaling for variables with a CCC ≥ 0.7. Results The CCC was ≤0.43 for the CVC/aorta ratio at the PV and ≤0.43 in both inspiration and expiration for CVC at the SV. The RVs using allometric scaling for CVC a at the HV for inspiration, expiration, and for CVC D at the PV were 6.16 × BW 0.762 , 7.24 × BW 0.787 , 2.79 × BW 0.390 , respectively. Conclusions and Clinical Importance The CVC D , measured at the HV and PV in healthy awake dogs of various breeds has good inter‐rater agreement suggesting these sites are reliable in measuring CVC D . Established RVs for CVC D for these sites need further comparison to results obtained in hypovolemic and hypervolemic dogs to determine their usefulness to evaluate volume status in dogs.